There is still more than a month before the large-scale harvest of autumn grains. It is a critical period for the growth and development of autumn grains and the formation of yields. It is also a period when droughts, floods, typhoons and other disasters occur frequently. Affected by high temperature and dry weather, the drought in the main producing areas in the south was severe, and the main producing areas in the north experienced local waterlogging, posing a threat to autumn grain production. On August 22, the four departments of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Emergency Management, and the China Meteorological Administration jointly issued an emergency notice, requiring relevant regions to do a good job in disaster prevention and mitigation, and go all out to win the battle against high temperature and heat damage. The drought robbed the autumn grain harvest in the defense battle.

　　How is the current drought?

　　The meteorological drought continues to develop, and the affected crops are mainly middle rice, summer corn, soybeans, etc.

　　"There are eighteen rivers with rain in the first summer, but the rivers are dry without rain in the first summer. This drought has almost scorched the corn." Dingxi Green Agriculture Company of Fuquan City, Guizhou Province has transferred 1,000 mu of arable land this year to promote the compound planting of soybean and corn belts. model. In the face of severe drought, Luo Canjiang, the person in charge, was sweating and was organizing farmers to water the crops as soon as possible.

　　The hydrological drought is the only one seen for many years. According to data released by the Ministry of Water Resources, as of August 17, the water levels of the main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and Poyang Lake were 4.85-6.13 meters lower than the same period of the previous year, setting the lowest water level for the same period since the actual measurement record. Meteorological drought is heavier than the same period of normal years. Since late June, there have been many high-temperature days in the Yangtze River Basin, especially in the eastern Sichuan Basin to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Precipitation in most areas was lower than the same period of the previous year. The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue an orange warning for meteorological drought on August 26. It is expected that moderate to heavy rain will occur in parts of Henan, most of Anhui and other places, which is beneficial to the mitigation of meteorological drought, but most other areas will still maintain high temperature and little rain, and the meteorological drought will continue to develop. .

　　Agricultural drought has a lag effect, which is often manifested after a period of meteorological drought, when insufficient soil moisture causes crops, grasslands and pastures to suffer from drought. For southern rice, the heading and flowering period is the most sensitive to temperature. If drought conditions are encountered during this period, the subsequent seed setting rate will be greatly affected. According to the agricultural situation dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of August 22, 45.24 million mu of crops in the south had been affected by high temperature, heat and drought. The affected crops are mainly grain crops such as rice, summer corn, soybeans, and economic crops such as vegetables and fruit trees.

　　The relevant person in charge of the China Meteorological Administration said that, in general, the drought in southern China this year is characterized by a long period of high temperature, a large absolute value of temperature, and a wide coverage area. At the same time, the rainfall was too low, which led to an increase in field evaporation and aggravated the impact of the drought.

　　What is the impact of drought on autumn crops?

　　The fundamentals of stable and positive food production have not changed.

　　"Autumn grain is the bulk of the harvest. The more drought conditions are, the more we must strengthen field management. This high-yield corn, water and fertilizer, will not work without any of them." Song Laibao, a grain farmer in Songpaifang Village, Dianji Town, Guoyang County, Anhui Province, is busy using smart agricultural machinery to feed Topdressing corn that has already set ears. According to the agricultural situation dispatched by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the double-cropping late rice in the south is currently in the jointing and booting stage, and the middle rice is heading, blooming and grain-filling; the spring corn in the north has begun to fill the grain, the summer maize has begun to tasseling and silking, and the soybean has entered the flowering and pod stage. This year, the area of ​​autumn grains across the country has increased steadily, and autumn grain crops are growing well in most regions. Although the current autumn grain production is facing challenges such as high temperature and dry weather, there are still conditions and foundations for a bumper autumn grain harvest.

　　On the one hand, we have made every possible effort to develop drought-resistant water sources, and water for crop irrigation is guaranteed.

　　A few days ago, on the main irrigation channel of Daming Village, Huangshajie Town, Yueyang County, Hunan Province, volunteers rolled up their trousers and stood between the muddy canals. Braving the sweltering heat, they rented excavators and used tools such as hoes and shovels to dig and dredging. , dredging the canals, and also organized villagers to use small pumps to pump water to irrigate the farmland. A total of more than 10 kilometers of canals were dredged, and the effective irrigation area reached more than 1,000 mu.

　　The Ministry of Water Resources stated that at present, the irrigation water sources and urban and rural water supply in large and medium-sized irrigation areas are guaranteed, and the drought-affected farmland is mainly distributed at the end of the irrigation area and "Wangtiantian" without irrigation facilities; the water supply is mainly affected by small reservoirs or mountain springs, Streams are decentralized water supply projects for water sources. Considering that the current is the peak period of agricultural irrigation water use, if the dry water situation continues to develop, it may affect the agricultural irrigation water intake in some irrigation areas along the river.

　　On the other hand, the impact of drought on autumn grain production is partial, and it does not change the fundamentals of stable and positive grain production.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that any natural disaster will affect the normal growth process of crops. Severe drought will have an impact on the production of autumn grains, but from an overall perspective, the sown area of ​​autumn grains has steadily increased. At present, only some areas have been affected by disasters. Some areas in the south that have irrigation conditions and are not affected by disasters have sufficient sunlight and heat, and crops are growing well. In addition, some areas in the south that have suffered disasters or failed to harvest can make up for the losses caused by the disaster by replanting crops such as beans and potatoes.

　　How to deal with drought and ensure a bumper harvest of autumn grains?

　　Make concerted efforts to hold steady responsibilities, and take detailed measures in combination with the actual situation

　　Work together and take multiple measures to win a bumper harvest.

　　In Yankou Town, Shou County, Anhui Province, a drilling rig is holding a red sunshade, and several workers are busy wearing straw hats. This is a well-drilling team organized by the county. They are drilling wells and pumping water in fields with severe drought , to provide watering sources. As of 18:00 on August 20, a total of 219,600 agricultural technicians were arranged to conduct disaster-resistant production guidance on the spot in Anhui, and the irrigation area was 83.8573 million mu.

　　In the scorching sun, in the soybean industry base of Shuangcitang Village, Shidong Town, Anju District, Suining City, Sichuan Province, villagers sprayed soybean seedlings with the help of drought-relief service vehicles. The relevant person in charge of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province said: "Since the drought occurred, we have set up 9 emergency teams for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation to go deep into Pingwu, Yanting, Zitong and other places where the drought is severe, and guide them in the fields. Farmers are fighting drought scientifically. At the same time, the city has also comprehensively inspected and overhauled farmland irrigation facilities such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, raising 270 million cubic meters of water and irrigating an area of ​​1.95 million mu.”

　　The party and government share the same responsibility and shoulder the heavy responsibility of stabilizing food security.

　　Four departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued an emergency notice on August 22, requiring the departments of agriculture and rural affairs, water conservancy, emergency response, and meteorology at all levels to continue to carry out forecasting and forecasting of severe weather, especially high temperature and drought, and to issue early warning information in a timely manner to prevent the disaster from affecting the growth of crops. Refine to counties and plots, scientifically assess the impact of high temperature and heat damage and drought by region, type, and crop, and sort out and put forward targeted disaster prevention and mitigation measures one by one.

　　The water conservancy department strengthens the scientific scheduling management of rivers, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water sources, strives to ensure the demand for agricultural irrigation water, dynamically adjusts the water engineering scheduling plan, accurately connects each irrigation area, and makes good use of each side of the water to ensure the critical period of crop growth. Use water. Prepare and improve drought relief plans, and take measures such as emergency water transfer, new water sources, temporary rack pumps, and shifting irrigation according to local conditions to ensure emergency water for drought relief. The emergency department started to adjust the emergency response in a timely manner, pre-positioned emergency response forces and flood control and drought relief materials and equipment, organized and carried out water delivery and life assistance for the affected people, and ensured the safety of drinking water for the people. The meteorological department promptly dispatched operational aircraft to the drought-stricken areas, prepared enough rain-enhancing rockets and other materials, and guided localities to carry out artificial rain-enhancing operations in a timely manner.

　　Implement measures to resist high temperature and heat damage and drought in different regions and conditions, and implement measures to stabilize and increase yields by crops and links.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that at present, it is necessary to go all out to fight the high temperature and control the field, ensure watering and moisture, and consolidate the foundation for a bumper harvest of autumn grains.

　　On the one hand, in areas with irrigation conditions, according to the development of drought, key measures such as deep water cooling, frequent irrigation with small water, and running water for heat dissipation should be implemented. In hilly and hilly areas, "Wangtiantian", the end of irrigation areas and other areas lacking water sources, water should be delivered by means of machinery, motor-driven wells, etc., seize favorable opportunities to carry out artificial rainfall, and organize socialized professional service teams to focus on spraying foliar fertilizers, Drought-resistant and water-retaining agents, etc.; for the severely damaged or even non-harvest plots, it is necessary to replant and replant late autumn crops such as sweet potatoes and miscellaneous grains in a timely manner, and the middle rice in suitable areas can be cut and stored for regeneration.

　　On the other hand, for the middle rice whose seed setting rate has been reduced due to high temperature heat damage, we should closely follow the agricultural time, seize the limited grain filling time, scientifically increase the ear grain fertilizer, spray the foliar fertilizer, enhance the photosynthesis and the grain filling rate, and strive to increase the grain weight to make up for the Falling seed set loss. Double-cropping late rice is in the jointing and booting stage. It is necessary to focus on preventing the possible occurrence of consecutive droughts in autumn and autumn, make a drought resistance work plan in advance, schedule reserve water sources in advance, increase booting fertilizer in a timely manner, and implement high-water booting, water-rich heading, and inch-water promotion. Water management measures such as spikes, moist and strong grains, etc., can promote growth and development.